How many structures do you know about the rotary drilling rig? Excavator Track Carrier Roller Top Roller
Main components of rotary drilling rig
1. Drill pipe and drilling tool
Drill pipe and drilling tool drill pipe are key components, which are divided into internal friction type external pressure telescopic drill pipe and automatic internal locking interlocking type external pressure telescopic drill pipe.
The internal friction drill pipe has high drilling efficiency in soft soil layer. The locking drill pipe improves the downward pressure applied by the power head to the drill pipe and transmitted to the drill tool. It is suitable for drilling hard rock layers and has high requirements for operation. In order to improve the operation efficiency, a drilling rig is mostly equipped with two sets of drill pipes. There are many kinds of rotary drilling rig bits, including long spiral and large-diameter short spiral bits, rotary drill buckets, sand bailing buckets, cylindrical drill buckets, bottoming bits, core bits, etc.
2. Power head
The power head is an important part of the drilling rig, which is used to output torque. It is composed of variable hydraulic motor, planetary reducer, power box and some auxiliary parts.
Working principle: the high-pressure oil delivered by the hydraulic pump drives the hydraulic motor to output torque, and decelerates and increases the torque through the planetary reducer and power box. The power head has hydraulic transmission, motor transmission and engine transmission, and it has the functions of low-speed drilling, reverse rotation and high-speed soil throwing. At present, hydraulic drive is mostly used, including dual variable hydraulic motor, dual speed reducer drive or low-speed high torque hydraulic motor drive. The drilling speed of the power head generally has multiple gears, which is suitable for operation under various working conditions.
3. Windlass
As an important part of rotary drilling rig, winch includes main winch and auxiliary winch.
The main winch is used to lift and lower the drill pipe, and the auxiliary winch is used for auxiliary work. During the working process, the main valve provides hydraulic oil for the winch hydraulic motor, and the main valve reverses to realize the left-right rotation of the winch hydraulic motor, so as to lift the drill pipe and drilling tool for lifting and lowering.
The main winch is an important component of the drilling rig. It is used to lift or lower the drill pipe. It is composed of a hydraulic motor, a planetary reducer, a brake, a drum and a steel wire rope. Its working principle: the hydraulic pump outputs high-pressure oil to drive the main winch motor. At the same time, the oil circuit and mechanical brake are opened. The torque is increased through the deceleration of the reducer and the drum is driven to rotate to lift or lower the main winch. The drilling efficiency of the main winch is closely related to the probability of drilling accidents and the service life of the steel wire rope. The Italian IMT rotary excavator is provided with drill pipe ground contact protection to prevent the steel wire rope from being damaged by disordered ropes. In particular, the rotary drilling rig of Maite company in Italy has a large drum capacity of the main winch, the steel wire rope is arranged in a single layer, the lifting force is constant, and the steel wire rope does not overlap and roll, thus reducing the wear between the steel wire ropes and prolonging the service life of the steel wire rope. The main winch of foreign rotary drilling rigs adopts non rotating steel wire rope with good flexibility to improve the service life.
4. Pressurizing device
Function of the pressurizing device: pressure is applied to the power head, and the pressure is transmitted to the drill bit tip of the power head by the pressurizing device to achieve the purpose of cutting, crushing or grinding.
There are two types of pressurization: cylinder pressurization and winch pressurization: the pressurization cylinder is fixed on the mast, and the piston of the pressurization cylinder is connected to the power head carriage. The working principle is that the auxiliary hydraulic pump of the drilling rig provides high-pressure oil, enters the rod free chamber of the cylinder, pushes the cylinder piston to move, and applies pressure to the power head. When it stops, the oil is locked by a single balance valve to prevent the power head from sliding. Advantages: simple structure and convenient maintenance.
Winch pressurization: a winch assembly is installed on the mast, and two steel ropes are wound on the drum, one for pressurization and the other for lifting. It is connected with the dynamic pulley of the power head through the upper fixed pulley of the mast, and then fixed on the lower mast and the upper mast respectively to realize the lifting or pressurization condition.
Advantages: greater pressure can be achieved through the movable pulley, and the long screw construction method can be realized. Disadvantages: the structure is a little complex, the assembly and disassembly are troublesome, and precautions are added during operation. Whether it is the pressurized oil cylinder or the winch, it is to realize the pressurized working condition, but the pressurized forms are different.
5. Chassis
The chassis of rotary excavator can be divided into special chassis, crawler hydraulic excavator chassis, crawler crane chassis, walking chassis, automobile chassis, etc.
However, the special chassis for crawler has the advantages of compact structure, convenient transportation, beautiful appearance and high cost. At present, most of the rotary excavators produced at home and abroad are applied with special chassis.
The chassis accessories of rotary excavator mainly include four wheels:
The four wheels refer to the supporting wheel, driving wheel, guide wheel and drag chain wheel; The belt refers to the track.
Post time: May-31-2022
